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How "Natives" Think: About Captain Cook, For Example, by Marshall Sahlins
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When Western scholars write about non-Western societies, do they inevitably perpetuate the myths of European imperialism? Can they ever articulate the meanings and logics of non-Western peoples? Who has the right to speak for whom? Questions such as these are among the most hotly debated in contemporary intellectual life. In How "Natives" Think, Marshall Sahlins addresses these issues head on, while building a powerful case for the ability of anthropologists working in the Western tradition to understand other cultures.
In recent years, these questions have arisen in debates over the death and deification of Captain James Cook on Hawai'i Island in 1779. Did the Hawaiians truly receive Cook as a manifestation of their own god Lono? Or were they too pragmatic, too worldly-wise to accept the foreigner as a god? Moreover, can a "non-native" scholar give voice to a "native" point of view? In his 1992 book The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, Gananath Obeyesekere used this very issue to attack Sahlins's decades of scholarship on Hawaii. Accusing Sahlins of elementary mistakes of fact and logic, even of intentional distortion, Obeyesekere portrayed Sahlins as accepting a naive, enthnocentric idea of superiority of the white man over "natives"—Hawaiian and otherwise. Claiming that his own Sri Lankan heritage gave him privileged access to the Polynesian native perspective, Obeyesekere contended that Hawaiians were actually pragmatists too rational and sensible to mistake Cook for a god.
Curiously then, as Sahlins shows, Obeyesekere turns eighteenth-century Hawaiians into twentieth-century modern Europeans, living up to the highest Western standards of "practical rationality." By contrast, Western scholars are turned into classic custom-bound "natives", endlessly repeating their ancestral traditions of the White man's superiority by insisting Cook was taken for a god. But this inverted ethnocentrism can only be supported, as Sahlins demonstrates, through wholesale fabrications of Hawaiian ethnography and history—not to mention Obeyesekere's sustained misrepresentations of Sahlins's own work. And in the end, although he claims to be speaking on behalf of the "natives," Obeyesekere, by substituting a home-made "rationality" for Hawaiian culture, systematically eliminates the voices of Hawaiian people from their own history.
How "Natives" Think goes far beyond specialized debates about the alleged superiority of Western traditions. The culmination of Sahlins's ethnohistorical research on Hawaii, it is a reaffirmation for understanding difference.
- Sales Rank: #1197233 in Books
- Published on: 1996-10-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .90" w x 6.00" l, .90 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 328 pages
From Library Journal
On its face, this appears to be a rebuttal of Gananath Obeyesekere's The Apotheosis of Captain Cook (Princeton Univ. Pr., 1992), which was in turn an attempt at refuting Sahlins's earlier explorations of the manner in which the native Hawaiians deified Capt. James Cook in 1779. In actuality, however, it is far more than that. This book is something of an apotheosis in its own right: a peroration on anthropology's responsibility to commit fully to appreciating other cultures' fundamentally different ways of organizing human experience. It provides a sustained theoretical exegesis that will be admired, if not necessarily subscribed to, by all who are engaged in the comparative study of societies, and it may in time prove to be the crowning achievement of one of contemporary anthropology's greatest thinkers and most perspicacious scholars. For academic collections.?Glenn Petersen, Baruch Coll. & Graduate Ctr., CUNY
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From the Back Cover
Dubbed as one of the 'Year's Best' by the Voice Literary Supplement, How 'Natives' Think goes far beyond specialized debates about the alleged superiority of Western traditions. It is a brilliant demonstration of how to do anthropology by one of the discipline's most powerful minds.
About the Author
Marshall Sahlins is the Charles F. Grey Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Chicago. The author of numerous books, Sahlins is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Most helpful customer reviews
25 of 30 people found the following review helpful.
An important work in historical anthropology
By Jason Baird Jackson
This book is not everyone's cup of tea, but it is a serious and important work enlivened with a humorous edge. It effectively offers one side of a debate on crucial issues in the human sciences. Its author is a leading figure in anthropology and a major thinker more broadly. Even Sahlin's intellectual opponents would acknowledge this as an important work, one that does not deserve the negative review posted here.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A tribute to anthropology.
By Dr. Glockenspiel
This book originates from a decade of careful data readings and re-collectings on hawaiian contact with European sailors headed by James Cook, whose untimely death is explained.
It is a must-read for anyone committed to view our thinking about self, others and the world as being collectively crafted and transmitted as our material-technological surroundings are. Sahlins shows how culture so taken, and further defined as a way of living framed on grand-narrative, works in informing the way we/they feel things, in turning perceptions into thinking and action. In so doing, he fosters the cultural, boassian anthropology's best and most profound insight on human nature to a wider public.
For anyone who holds that nature speaks by itself and to itself through a universal psychological calculus (or mechanism called practical reasoning), who holds that culture is a distorting lense, a source of error and illusion, this book will be irritating, not conforting. But by the same token, it is an opportunity to learn anew.
1 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Convincing?
By Cara
Whether the Hawaiians deified Captain Cook or not has been for a long time hotly contested, which is a good reason to read Sahlins's books with at least some doubt. Sahlins relies heavily on accounts from the sailors who traveled with Cook to get a picture of the festivities and the attitude of the Hawaiians toward the Europeans. However he often interprets the Europeans' view in their journals as the correct view, without giving reference to other events in Hawaiian history that would help the interpretation on the occurrences in the journals. A few of my concerns that were not adequately addressed: According to mythology, Cook was not the first outsider to come to Hawaii, so why should the appearance of Cook awe the Hawaiians so? Furthermore, because Sahlins is trying to defend anthropology's legitimacy, he ignores the fact that early anthropological work was often ethnocentric. Also, from Obeyesekere's book, why would a Hawaiian god come back not looking Hawaiian, not able to speak Hawaiian, and ignorant of Hawaiian customs? Yet, Obeyesekere's book should be taken with some doubt, too, as he bases some of his arguments off of his Sri Lankan background, along with other flaws. My judgment on How "Natives" Think would be better informed if I had read other works by Sahlins, but he makes a strong case here for Cook's apotheosis, especially in his section arguing against Obeyesekere's interpretation of the ceremonies as Cook's initiation as a chief. Both books are good to see both sides of the argument.
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